As winter grips South Africa, the rise in respiratory illnesses such as influenza (flu) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a growing concern. Children are especially vulnerable, with the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital seeing an increase in RSV cases.
According to the department of health, RSV is currently at its peak, and influenza cases are on the rise. With the flu causing an estimated 6 000 to 11 000 deaths annually in South Africa, it’s crucial to adopt effective preventive measures.
Monique Johnstone, the acting ASD of communication at the Western Cape department of health and wellness says RSV is a respiratory pathogen. “What we’ve learnt from the Covid-19 pandemic and SARS-CoV2 virus is that social distancing and the wearing of masks help prevent respiratory illnesses.”
She says people with RSV do not usually require hospitalisation, however, the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH), which deals with complex paediatric cases, has seen an increase in RSV cases presenting at the facility.
“While RSV is not routinely tested for, we know from the children going to Paediatric ICU (children with RSV pneumonia/bronchiolitis can end up in PICU) and also from the National Institute For Communicable Diseases of South Africa (NICD), that RSV is around and a particular problem at this time of year (seasonal).”
Preventing the spread of RSV and flu
Johnstone shares tips to limit or prevent the spread of respiratory illnesses and pathogens, such as RSV: “Where possible, wear masks, social distancing and wash hands after dealing with respiratory secretions such as blowing the nose, or coughing into hands, and handling dirty tissues. There is focused research being done globally under WHO to introduce an RSV vaccine which will reduce the RSV burden in the vulnerable populations.”
Dr Lee Moses, medical advisor at Bestmed, shares some strategies to keep the flu at bay:
Maintain physical distance
Social distancing remains a vital strategy for flu prevention. Minimise close contact with individuals exhibiting flu symptoms, whether they are family members, friends, or colleagues. If interaction is unavoidable, practice diligent hand hygiene afterwards. If you experience flu-like symptoms, avoid close contact with others by staying home from work or school to prevent spreading the virus.
Embrace good hygiene practices
Preventing the flu often hinges on simple yet effective hygiene habits. Moses recommends key practices to incorporate into your daily routine:
- Hand washing: Always wash your hands before eating or preparing food. Use clean water and soap, scrubbing thoroughly for at least 20 seconds, including under your fingernails. When soap is unavailable, use an alcohol-based hand sanitiser.
- Avoid touching your face: Your eyes, nose, and mouth are common virus entry points. Refrain from touching your face to reduce the risk of infection.
- Cover coughs and sneezes: Use a tissue to cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze. Dispose of used tissues immediately and wash your hands afterwards to reduce the spread of respiratory droplets.
- Disinfect shared surfaces: Regularly clean surfaces that are frequently touched, such as keyboards, telephones, doorknobs, and remote controls.
Prioritise quality sleep
Adequate sleep is essential for a strong immune system. Aim for sufficient, high-quality sleep each night to enhance your body’s natural defenses and improve vaccine efficacy. Establish a regular sleep routine to ensure you get the rest your body needs.
Promote overall well-being
Moses explains that a healthy lifestyle significantly contributes to a robust immune system. Incorporate the following into your daily routine:
- Balanced diet: Consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables to provide your body with essential nutrients.
- Regular exercise: Engage in regular physical activity to maintain a healthy weight and improve overall health.
- Stress management: Effectively manage stress through relaxation techniques, hobbies, and adequate rest. Chronic stress can weaken your immune system, making you more susceptible to illnesses.
Manage your stress
Stress can negatively impact your health and immune function. Be aware of your stress levels and how you cope with daily life pressures, whether from work, school, family, or finances. Chronic stress can mimic symptoms of respiratory illnesses and decrease your ability to fight off infections.
By adopting these measures, you not only protect your health but also help prevent the spread of influenza to vulnerable populations within your community. It’s important to remember that vaccination, combined with preventive strategies, plays a crucial role during flu season.
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