Imagine if the key to fighting Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and other brain diseases lies in the plants around us. Dr Matlakala Ntsapi, a senior lecturer at the University of the Free State, is leading a pioneering research effort into the potential benefits of medicinal plants for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
These diseases cause gradual nerve cell damage in the brain or nervous system, leading to problems with movement and thinking over time. In Mzansi, the most common types are Alzheimer’s disease, which affects memory and thinking abilities, and Parkinson’s disease, causing problems with movement like tremors.
Huntington’s disease is also prevalent, leading to involuntary movements and cognitive decline. Motor neuron diseases, which affects muscle movement, is also notable in the country.
Ntsapi’s work is centred on exploring natural compounds found in medicinal plants that could serve as supplementary treatments to slow the progression of these debilitating diseases.
Exploring new ways to improve brain health
Collaborating with experts from Denmark, the UK, and institutions like Central University of Technology in Bloemfontein and Stellenbosch University, her multidisciplinary team aims to uncover new therapeutic avenues that could shake up how we approach brain health.
“These medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds with promising neuroprotective properties,” explains Ntsapi. “Our research focuses not only on age-related neurodegenerative diseases but also on their potential applications in other neurological disorders, various cancers, and type 2 diabetes.”
The research is particularly timely given the global rise in neurodegenerative diseases and the limited effectiveness of current treatments.
By harnessing the natural potency of these plant-based compounds, the team hopes to develop safer and more effective therapies.
“Our approach integrates pharmacology and ethnobotany to identify and validate the therapeutic potential of underexplored plants and nutraceuticals,” says Ntsapi. “These compounds could offer complementary treatments to existing drugs, enhancing overall treatment outcomes and improving the quality of life for patients.”
To achieve their goals, the team employs state-of-the-art technology such as the CelVivo ClinoStar 2 System. This allows them to simulate disease conditions in 3D cell-based models of human brain tissue, providing insights into how these compounds interact at a cellular level.
“Our research is not just about finding treatments; it’s about offering hope to millions affected by these diseases,” Ntsapi emphasises. Her dedication to advancing scientific knowledge and finding practical applications for medicinal plants has earned her recognition, including a nomination for the NSTF-South32 Awards which is popularly known as the “Science Oscars” of South Africa.
International collaborations and advanced research techniques position Ntsapi’s team at the forefront of neurodegenerative research. Experts say their work holds promise for ground-breaking discoveries that could shape future treatments and policies in managing these complex conditions.
With each discovery, the team moves closer to uncovering nature’s secrets and enhancing brain health for generations to come.
Key plants and their traditional medicinal uses
Ntsapi mentions that they are working on several plants, including:
- Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba): One of the oldest living tree species, the extract from ginkgo leaves is commonly used in traditional medicine to improve cognitive function.
- Turmeric (Curcuma longa): The underground stem is used to extract curcumin, which can cross the blood-brain barrier and has potential therapeutic effects for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
- Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): The root is typically used in traditional medicine for its neuroprotective and adaptogenic properties.
- Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi): The whole plant, including aerial parts like leaves and stems, is used to make extracts for cognitive enhancement.
- Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica): The leaves and stems are commonly used in traditional medicine for cognitive benefits.
- Rhodiola rosea: The root is used for its adaptogenic and neuroprotective properties.
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